CLASS X CH4- INTRODUCTION TO HTML

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INTRODUCTION TO HTML

1. Answer the following questions.

a) What is HTML and what does the acronym HTML stands for?

HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages/ Web Sites. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.

b) What do you understand by the term 'hypertext'?

HyperText is the method by which you move around on the web by clicking on special text called hyperlinks which bring you to the next page.

c) Differentiate between Text file and HTML file.

A text file is a computer file that contains only text and has no special formatting such as bold text, italic text, images, etc. With Microsoft Windows text files are identified with the .txt file extension. 

HTML file is a text document saved with the extension .html or .htm that contains texts and some tags written between "< >"(greater than and less than sign) that gives the instructions needed to configure the web page.

d) Explain the features of HTML.

FEATURES OF HTML

1. It is a computer language (not a programming language) used to create web pages but does not require any special programming knowledge.
2. It is a markup language and is used to make the text readable for the browser.
3. It is a character‐based method for expressing the contents. The contents can be pictures, text, graphics and videos.
4. All text editors and word processing software support it.
5. It delivers the contents to multiple platforms.

e) Write a short note on the history of HTML.

The person who invented HTML was not a computer programmer, but a physicist working at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva, Switzerland. Tim Berners‐Lee, the inventor of HTML and father of web wanted to create a way for researchers to be able to use the internet to collaborate and share information.

He invented HTML as a means that enables us to convert any document typed in a simple word

processor into a file viewable on the internet, thus making it available to anybody with an internet connection. This system, which Tim Berners‐Lee later named 'The World‐Wide Web' in October of 1990 defines the nature of the WWW today.

f) What is the role of World Wide Web Consortium in the implementation of Internet?

The W3C is working to make the Web accessible to every user all over the world. W3C is organized as a member organization and is working to standardize the web. It also creates and

maintains WWW standards which are called as W3C Recommendations.

W3C commits to leading the technical evolution of the Web. In just over seven years, W3C has developed more than 40 technical specifications for the Web's infrastructure. However, the Web is still young and there is still a lot of work to do,

especially as computers, telecommunications, and multimedia technologies converge.

g) What is web browser and name any four popular web browsers.

Internet/Web Browser is the software that is used to retrieve and display HTML web pages. The most popular browser programs are: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari, Google Chrome.

h) Name the different versions of HTML.

HTML 1.0

HTML 2.0

HTML 3.0

HTML 3.2

HTML 4.0

XHTML

HTML 5.0

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